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СKC-94 Emergency Escape System
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This super-light ejection system is designed for low-speed light aircraft, including trainers, acrobatic, patrol, agricultural and other light aircraft relating to general aviation. A novel highly efficient emergency escape method, which has no analogues in the world's practice, is implemented in the CKC-type ejection systems. When the pilot pulls the ejection handle out, the headrest with the parachute stowed in it is jettisoned. The headrest breaks the cockpit canopy glass and in 0.2 s deploys the parachute in the airflow, while moving away from the aircraft. Simultaneously, the catapult gun fires and extracts the pilot out of the cockpit by the harness and imparts him/her acceleration to provide for a safe trajectory with respect to the aircraft. The seat stays in the aircraft cockpit. The loads acting on the pilot during ejection with the use of CKC-94 do not exceed those allowable for any parachute jumper.
This system has smaller dimensions than the ejection seat systems and may be used in the range of equivalent air speeds from Vi=60-400 km/h and altitudes from 7 to 4000 m.
The seat has a stepwise height adjustment. The installed mass for the complete set does not exceed 28.5 kg.
The assigned useful lifetime is 20 years.
The routine maintenance periodicity is 2 years.
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The system has the following modifications: CKC-94M, CKC-94M1 and CKC-94M2.
These modifications have the same features as the CKC-94 base system, but differ in the following:
CKC-94M has no height adjustment. The system mass does not exceed 22 kg. The maintenance periodicity is increased up to 5 years.
СКС-94М-1 94M1 is an option of the CKC-94M. It has a backrest, which can be reclined by 100 mm in the upper portion. The system mass does not exceed 25 kg.
СКС-94М2 has continuous height adjustment. The system mass does not exceed 27 kg. Its assigned useful lifetime is increased up to 30 years.
The
СКС-94 Emergency Escape System has the following major elements:
- telescoping catapult gun;
- seat proper unit;
- combined restraint/suspension harness with 5-point (4-point) waist and shoulders restraint of the pilot;
- parachute box (headrest) with parachute deployment mechanism;
- waist strap haulback mechanism;
- device for waist/shoulder straps separation from the seat at ejection;
- ejection control mechanism.
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The direction of the catapult gun tube movement makes the angle of 15030'(to the right or to the left) with the aircraft axis of symmetry and makes it possible to bring apart the trajectories of the pilots ejecting from dual-control aircraft.
The parachute box has breakers for breaking the canopy glass at ejection.
There is a waist strap haulback mechanism for a tight restraint of the pilot pelvis. The strap haulback handle is located on the left side of the seat pan. The same handle is used to unlock the straps.
The shoulders are restrained manually with the help of the restraint harness buckles.
The ejection handle made as a cable ring in a protective elastic sheath is mounted on the front wall of the seat pan. In order to avoid an inadvertent ejection, the ground safety device of the ejection handle is locked with a key.
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In the process of the system development test program, there have been performed over a hundred of ejections from the aircraft cockpits (installed on the car, the РД-2500 rocket sled and from the Su-29 flight lab) throughout the whole range of altitudes and speeds. Some ejections were performed through the transparency of the detachable portion of the canopy including two manned ejections from the Su-29 flight lab.
All versions of the system have passed through the State qualification test program and were certified. The systems are installed in the Yak-52M, Su-31M and Su-26M3 aircraft.
Emergency escape sequence:
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